Who is Most at Risk in the Heat, and How Can We Help Them?

The heat and its health effects are particularly important topics that affect many people’s lives. High temperatures can significantly impact not only our physical well-being but also our health. Due to changes in weather, many people experience symptoms of heat stress, which primarily affect the most vulnerable individuals. It is crucial to be aware of who belongs to the at-risk groups and what can be done for protection.

Who belongs to the at-risk groups?

The range of individuals sensitive to heat stress is broad. Primarily, the elderly, especially those over 65, whose bodies may not respond as well to temperature changes, are at risk. Young children, particularly those under five, are also especially vulnerable as their thermoregulatory systems are still developing. Individuals living alone, who may not be able to care for themselves or who are socially isolated, are also at a higher risk.

Those suffering from chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, or kidney diseases, require increased attention. People taking medications that affect heart and kidney function or impair sweating abilities are also particularly at risk. During heatwaves, special attention should be paid to those who have mobility limitations or live with cognitive issues.

The harmful effects of heat can often accumulate; for example, a young child living in an attic apartment or a person with mobility issues suffering from multiple chronic conditions is particularly at risk. It is essential to ensure proper hydration and necessary minerals during this time to avoid heatstroke or other health problems.

What medications increase the risks of heat?

Taking medications can significantly affect how one responds to heat. Some medications, such as diuretics, particularly loop diuretics, can lead to dehydration if adequate fluid intake is not maintained. Blood pressure medications, antianginal drugs, and anticholinergic medications that inhibit sweating can also pose problems in the heat.

Medications that cause diarrhea or vomiting, such as certain antibiotics and pain relievers, can also increase the risk of dehydration. It is particularly important to stay hydrated when using medications that affect kidney function, including immunosuppressants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The effects of heat can be exacerbated by medications that alter alertness, such as anxiolytics or sedatives.

If you are taking any medications, it is advisable to consult your doctor about how the selected medications may affect you in the heat. Maintaining proper fluid intake and a cautious lifestyle is always worth keeping in mind to minimize health risks caused by heat.

How to prepare for hot weather?

Preparing for heat is crucial, especially for at-risk groups. First, it is important to assess who belongs to the at-risk groups among family members or close acquaintances and plan how to support them. Involving family members in the preparation or utilizing home care for the elderly can help navigate the summer months more safely.

To combat the heat, it is important to keep the indoor temperature as low as possible. The most vulnerable, such as the elderly and children, should be taken to cooler rooms where the temperature ideally stays below 26 °C. To reduce physical strain, daily activities should be scheduled for cooler parts of the day.

Additionally, regular cold showers or baths can be beneficial. Wearing light, loose-fitting clothing can help with sweat evaporation, while using shades is recommended to avoid direct sunlight. If outdoor activities are unavoidable, it is crucial not to forget sunscreen application, and wetting clothing can also aid in cooling.

Cool foods, such as fruits and salads, can also contribute to hydration. Furthermore, regular fluid intake is vital, with water and fruit juice being the best choices. Avoiding alcohol consumption is also essential.

For those most at risk from heat, daily contact is recommended, whether by family members or caregivers. It is important that necessary contact information is visible, and individuals know whom to reach out to in case of feeling unwell. Ventilating during cooler parts of the day and ensuring basic needs are met can further enhance the sense of security and enjoyment of the pleasant summer months.